分说

《诗学》有六分说、五分说、三分说3个分法。五分说把《诗学》分为：

以悲剧、喜剧、萨堤尔剧、抒情诗和史诗来初步论述反映现实的诗

悲剧的定义，分析，和编写规则

史诗的定义，分析，和编写规则

应对悲剧和史诗的批判

比较悲剧和史诗，和讲解为什么悲剧优于史诗

内容

不同诗的类型

根据亚里士多德的考究，悲剧、喜剧、萨堤尔剧、抒情诗和史诗均是反映现实，但因其三点分为不同的类型：

结构 (matter)

角色 (subjects)

叙述方法 （method）

大体考究过“诗”后, 亚里士多德对悲剧的认识是:

亚里士多德认为悲剧比史诗是更优越的艺术，因为悲剧是包含史诗的元数，也可以用史诗的长短格六步韵律，和是严肃的行动的模仿。 表演出的现实模仿，不管是读出来或是演出来，是可以感动情感，制造出可怜和畏惧来净化人们的感情，对社会道德起着良好的作用。通过思虑悲剧的可怜和畏惧，观众也能从这两个情感得到愉悦的美学。悲剧是基于因果、世间的基本秩序，所以是是理性的艺术。悲剧比史诗精简、更多统一性，所以也更容易娱乐别人。

悲剧的元素

悲剧本身有六个元素：亚里士多德是这样跟这些元素的重要性，从最重要到最不重要来排名：

情节(mythos)

角色 (ethos)

思想 (dianoia)

用字 (lexis)

旋律 (melos)

戏剧奇观 (opsis)

评价

《诗学》是西方文明第一部系统的美学和艺术理论作品，为西方文论奠定了基础。

译著

《诗学》在中文译著里有许多版本，简体中文的主要译者有：陈中梅、郝久新、罗念生。

Sources

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Aristotelis De arte poetica liber, tertiis curis recognovit et adnotatione critica auxit I. Vahlen, Lipsiae 1885

Aristotle on the Art of Poetry. A revised Text with Critical Introduction, Translation and Commentary by I. Bywater, Oxford 1909

Aristoteles: Περὶ ποιητικῆς, mit Einleitung, Text und adnotatio critica, exegetischem Kommentar [...] von A. Gudeman, Berlin/Leipzig 1934

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Aristotele: Poetica, introduzione, testo e commento di A. Rostagni, Torino 21945

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Aristotle: Poetics, Introduction, Commentary and Appendixes by D. W. Lucas, Oxford 1968

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