其他定义

除以上定义（定义一）之外，电子亲合能还有两种定义方式：

定义二和定义一等价，是将一物质的原子或分子获得一个电子，变成 -1 价离子时放出的能量。此定义下的电子亲合能和定义一相同。不过此定义下，放出能量时电子亲和能为正，吸收能量时电子亲和能为负，正负号的使用和一般热力学的定义恰好相反。

定义三，是将一物质的原子或分子获得一个电子，变成 -1 价离子时的能量变化。 放热时数值为负，吸热时数值为正。定义三的正负号使用和一般热力学的定义相同。但其电子亲合能恰为定义一的负值。

本文采用定义一的电子亲合能。

元素的电子亲合能

并非所有的元素的电子亲合能均为正，电子亲合能为正表示其 -1 价的离子需吸收能量才能变为电中性的原子（早期的教科书写有些元素，例如惰性气体，其电子亲合能为负，此说法并未被现代的化学家接受）。若其阴离子较不稳定，容易变成原子，则其电子亲合能较低。元素中氯的电子亲合能最高，汞和惰气等元素的电子亲合能都接近零。一般来说，非金属的电子亲合能都比金属高。

总的来说，同一周期从左至右，价壳层电子递增，使得原子稳定性上升，原子半径递减，对电子的吸引能力渐强，因而电子亲合能递增；同族元素从上到下，因原子半径的增大，而且总电子数增加，原子稳定性下降，元素电负性值递减。 实际上，随核电荷数递增或同族元素从上到下，电子亲和能的变化并不单调。

电子亲合能(周期表)

下列数据以kJ/mole为单位。带星号的元素在量子力学基态被认为有接近零的电子亲合能。

列表及参考资料

分子的电子亲合能

电子亲合能 Eea 的定义也可以延伸到分子。如苯和萘的电子亲合能为负值，而蒽、菲、芘的电子亲合能为正值。电脑模拟实验证实六氰基苯 C6(CN)6 的电子亲合能较富勒烯要高。

列表及参考资料

参见

Koopmans" theorem

One-electron reduction

游离能

电负性

价电子

参考资料

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