分类支系

包括7种语言：

愒语（Ket）( ket )

鹆语（Yugh）† ( yuu )

秳语（Kott）† ( zko )

阿林语（Arin） † ( xrn )

阿桑语（Assan） † ( xss )

旁普科尔语（Pumpokol） † ( xpm )

尤卡吉尔语系（Yug） † ( yug )

其中的Yug、Pumpokol、Arin和Assan早在18世纪消亡了，我们对这些语言所知甚微。秳语在19世纪末消失了，但是芬兰语言学家Castrén发表了详细的语法和词典。鹆语在1960年代绝种，俄国学者Werner对这种语言进行了深入的研究，发表了词典、语法和传统故事。如今只有愒语还在使用中，约有1000个左右的老人懂这种语言。

一些学者认为，中国古代的匈奴、羯等民族和使用叶尼塞语系语言的民族有同源关系。除此之外，其他学者提出过大胆的假设，认为叶尼塞语系和汉藏语系同源，为汉-高加索语系一支。另外亦有建议叶尼塞语系可与纳-达内语系合并成为达内-叶尼塞语系或提纳-高加索语系。

叶尼塞语言的形态变化特别复杂，有前缀、后缀、中缀、元音交替等构词手段。

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