儒略日
专门名词
儒略日起点
儒略日的起点订在西元前4713年(天文学上记为 -4712年)1月1日格林威治时间平午(世界时12:00),即JD 0指定为UT时间B.C.4713年1月1日12:00到UC时间B.C.4713年1月2日12:00的24小时。每一天赋予了一个唯一的数字,顺数而下,如:1996年1月1日12:00:00的儒略日是2450084。这个日期是考虑了太阳、月亮的轨道运行周期,以及当时收税的间隔而订出来的。Joseph Scaliger定义儒略周期为7980年,是因28、19、15的最小公倍数为28×19×15=7980。其中:
28年为一太阳周期(solar cycle),经过一太阳周期,则星期的日序与月的日序会重复。
19年为一太阴周期,或称默冬章(Metonic cycle),因235朔望月=19回归年,经过一太阴周期则阴历月年的日序重复。
15年为一小纪(indiction cycle),此为罗马皇帝君士坦丁一世所颁,每15年评定财产价值以供课税,成为古罗马用的一个纪元单位,
故以7980年为一儒略周期,而所选的起点公元前4713年,则是这三个循环周期同时开始的最近年份。
由于儒略日数字位数太多,国际天文合会于1973年采用简化儒略日(MJD),其定义为MJD = JD - 2400000.5。MJD相应的起点是1858年11月17日世界时0时。
换算
公历转儒略日
a = ⌊ 14 − − --> m o n t h 12 ⌋ y = y e a r + 4800 − − --> a m = m o n t h + 12 a − − --> 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}a&=&\left\lfloor {\frac {14-month}{12}}\right\rfloor \\\\y&=&year+4800-a\\\\m&=&month+12a-3\\\end{matrix}}}
适用于格里历日期(中午):
J D N = d a y + ⌊ 153 m + 2 5 ⌋ + 365 y + ⌊ y 4 ⌋ − − --> ⌊ y 100 ⌋ + ⌊ y 400 ⌋ − − --> 32045 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}JDN&=&day+\left\lfloor {\frac {153m+2}{5}}\right\rfloor +365y+\left\lfloor {\frac {y}{4}}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {\frac {y}{100}}\right\rfloor +\left\lfloor {\frac {y}{400}}\right\rfloor -32045\end{matrix}}}
适用于儒略历日期(中午):
J D N = d a y + ⌊ 153 m + 2 5 ⌋ + 365 y + ⌊ y 4 ⌋ − − --> 32083 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}JDN&=&day+\left\lfloor {\frac {153m+2}{5}}\right\rfloor +365y+\left\lfloor {\frac {y}{4}}\right\rfloor -32083\end{matrix}}}
儒略日转公历
相关条目
儒略历- 是索西琴修改罗马历后的新历,为格里历的前身,与儒略日是完全不同的概念。
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