声调语言

具备声调系统的语言称为 声调语言 ；汉藏语系的绝大多数语言、部分印欧语系语言（如旁遮普语），还有很多其他语系的语言都是声调语言。

参见

四声

平仄

声调轮廓

音位降阶

变调

音区

参考文献

Bao, Zhiming. (1999). The structure of tone . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511880-4.

Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects . Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-65272-3

Bao, Zhiming. (1999). The structure of tone . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511880-4.

Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects . Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-65272-3

Clements, George N.; Goldsmith, John (eds.) (1984) Autosegmental Studies in Bantu Tone . Berlin: Mouton de Gruyer.

Fromkin, Victoria A. (ed.). (1978). Tone: A linguistic survey . New York: Academic Press.

Halle, Morris; & Stevens, Kenneth. (1971). A note on laryngeal features. Quarterly progress report 101 . MIT.

Haudricourt, André-Georges. (1954). "De l"origine des tons en vietnamien". Journal Asiatique , 242: 69–82.

Haudricourt, André-Georges. (1961). "Bipartition et tripartition des systèmes de tons dans quelques langues d"Extrême-Orient". Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris , 56: 163–180.

Hombert, Jean-Marie; Ohala, John J.; Ewan, William G. Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language. 1979, 55 (1): 37–58. JSTOR 412518 . doi:10.2307/412518 .

Hyman, Larry. 2007. There is no pitch-accent prototype. Paper presented at the 2007 LSA Meeting. Anaheim, CA.

Hyman, Larry. 2007. How (not) to do phonological typology: the case of pitch-accent. Berkeley, UC Berkeley. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report: 654–685.Available online.

Kingston, John. (2005). The phonetics of Athabaskan tonogenesis. In S. Hargus & K. Rice (Eds.), Athabaskan prosody (pp. 137–184). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Maddieson, Ian. (1978). Universals of tone. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of human language: Phonology (Vol. 2). Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Michaud, Alexis. (2008). Tones and intonation: some current challenges. Proc. of 8th Int. Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP"08), Strasbourg, pp. 13–18. (Keynote lecture.)Available online.

Odden, David. (1995). Tone: African languages. In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), Handbook of phonological theory . Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Pike, Kenneth L. (1948). Tone languages: A technique for determining the number and type of pitch contrasts in a language, with studies in tonemic substitution and fusion . Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. (Reprinted 1972, ISBN 0-472-08734-7).

Wee, Lian-Hee. Phonological Patterns in the Englishes of Singapore and Hong Kong. World Englishes. 2008, 27 (3/4): 480–501. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2008.00580.x .

Yip, Moira. (2002). Tone . Cambridge textbooks in linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77314-8 (hbk), ISBN 0-521-77445-4 (pbk).

Иванов, Вячеслав Всеволодович К синхронной и диахронической типологии просодических систем с ларингализованными или фарингализованными тонемами // Очерки по фонологии восточных языков — ред. Т. Я. Елизаренкова. М.: Наука, 1975, стр. 3-58 （俄文）

Касевич, Вадим Борисович Фонологические проблемы общего и восточного языкознания М.: Наука, 1983 （俄文）

Кодзасов, Сандро Васильевич, Кривнова, Ольга Фёдоровна Общая фонетика . М.: РГГУ, 2001 （俄文）

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