参考文献

For primary sources see also External links below.

艾伦·奥尔·安德森, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286 , volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8

Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8

Smyth, Alfred P. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80-1000. Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7

Woolf, Alex, From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland 2 , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5

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